Centrifugal Fan: The Specifics Of The Device And The Principle Of Operation Of The Device

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Centrifugal Fan: The Specifics Of The Device And The Principle Of Operation Of The Device
Centrifugal Fan: The Specifics Of The Device And The Principle Of Operation Of The Device

Video: Centrifugal Fan: The Specifics Of The Device And The Principle Of Operation Of The Device

Video: Centrifugal Fan: The Specifics Of The Device And The Principle Of Operation Of The Device
Video: Basics of Fans & Blowers - Part 1 2024, March
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A centrifugal fan is a unit for industrial and domestic use, the principle of which is based on air transportation through the assembly. This unit allows you to clean, move air and saturate the room with a sufficient amount of oxygen. The use of a fan is necessary in buildings with a large number of people.

Centrifugal fan: the specifics of the device and the principle of operation of the device
Centrifugal fan: the specifics of the device and the principle of operation of the device

A centrifugal fan is a radial device for collecting air, cleaning it and transporting it. It was developed by military engineer Sablukov. The invention of this type of fan has greatly simplified air exchange in large residential and industrial buildings, in medical and educational institutions. Thanks to the centrifugal fan of the radial type, which replaced the axial one, it is possible to quickly move air and gas flows, including hazardous ones, even in huge spaces. The review of the device showed that it is much more effective than its predecessors.

Fan purpose

The convection device helps to create comfortable conditions in the building for people, and if located in a nursery, for plants or animals. If a ventilation unit is installed in production, its main task is to protect a person from hazardous emissions or create a favorable environment for the manufacture of various products.

The fan also performs several other functions:

  • constantly renews the air in large rooms, cleaning it from carbon dioxide generated by human activity;
  • transports explosive and poisonous gases, protecting people and ensuring that there are no explosions in the building;
  • quickly moves smoky air volumes, replacing them with cleaned ones (emergency devices);
  • regulates the temperature in the room, does not allow stuffiness to arise;
  • provides freshness and comfortable conditions for breathing, work and rest of people.

Before the advent of centrifugal fans, axial, less efficient, or natural draft was used. However, these types of devices cannot help in an emergency, since they do not quickly move portions of air and gases that are hazardous to health. And natural exhaust structures do not have an emergency mode at all, therefore, in the event of a fire or the release of gas poisons, the specificity and speed of purification does not increase.

In other words, the centrifugal radial fan, since its inception, has not only simplified the construction of buildings, allowing for more compact ventilation shafts, but also saved many lives due to its fast operation in case of fires.

Scope of application

Centrifugal fans are used in buildings of all types, where special shafts and hoses are prepared for them. However, some areas need such installations more than others:

  • medical institutions;
  • schools;
  • industrial enterprises;
  • office buildings;
  • public (shopping, entertainment) centers.

The main demand for the application of the installation comes from enterprises located in large buildings with a large number of people. In medicine, it is very important to use high-quality ventilation systems, since fresh air, saturated with oxygen and free of dust, is the key to the health of the respiratory system, heart and general well-being. Fresh air is especially relevant for elderly patients, for whom the stuffiness in the room can become fatal.

Not only the elderly, but also children need fresh air. Otherwise, a young organism may begin to develop incorrectly. Frequent migraines, sleep disturbances and other deviations from normal well-being may appear. To prevent problems in babies, ventilation devices must be installed in kindergartens, schools, preschool educational and leisure institutions.

Office and shopping malls require special convection systems, air movement and purification due to the large number of people. If you do not replace the "waste" air masses with a large percentage of carbon dioxide with fresh ones, then visitors to the center or office complex may experience problems with health and breathing.

Industrial buildings, warehouses, hangars need competent ventilation at once due to several factors:

  • fresh air flows maintain a comfortable temperature where special regulatory systems are not installed (hangars, warehouses without heating);
  • constant air purification allows to reduce the concentration of hazardous exhaust, toxins and gases that are formed during the production of metal, plastic, and other industrial objects;
  • industrial enterprises also often employ large crowds of people, whose work capacity directly depends on the quality of the indoor air.

Based on the statistical data on the use of centrifugal fans, we can say that they are used in any branch of public activity.

Centrifugal Fan Advantages

The demand for a centrifugal device is due to its high performance. Namely:

  1. The main fan does not require constant repair, since its main parts (blades, motor, wheel, casing) practically do not come into contact with each other and do not wear off.
  2. The simple design of the unit allows you to repair and replace parts not only as quickly as possible, but also at the lowest cost of money.
  3. With proper use, this type of device lasts a very long time, but at the same time the efficiency of the unit does not decrease depending on the period of its use.
  4. The air convection system is so simple that large amounts of money are not needed to manufacture the unit.
  5. Wide range of options for selecting the desired modification.
  6. Despite the simple layout of the internal structure, the device allows you to quickly (sometimes at an emergency speed) move the air flow.

Another feature - a special protective casing and filter does not allow small mechanical particles to get inside the device. This increases the service life, the unit works stably, but only if the rules of use are followed. Products are manufactured in accordance with GOST, the probability of marriage is very small.

Components of the unit

The centrifugal fan consists of only a few prefabricated parts, each with a simple manufacturing mechanism. The main parts of the device:

  • protective casing, which removes excess particles and large mechanical elements from the unit that can damage the blades;
  • several blades (the number depends on the size of the unit), carrying out air injection;
  • a motor that provides energy for the operation of the entire installation;
  • a wheel that communicates the energy generated by the engine to the blades and sets them in motion;
  • vibration filter, which reduces vibration and noise level in the space next to the fan;
  • openings or assembly for air inlet and outlet, where vacuum occurs.

Some details (number of blades, holes, unit size, filter complexity) depend on the specific device. So, industrial units are equipped with more complex filters, and home ones usually do not have them at all. It is better to entrust the selection of the device, the choice of the filter to the specialists.

Principle of operation

The unit allows air movement by convection. There are several stages of operation of the device. Full duty cycle:

  1. Air collection. The volume of air is passed into the hole to collect it by an effect known as centripetal (also classified as force).
  2. Air injection by convection. The blades, coming into action, divide the air into equal portions, and each of them is injected (becomes denser) due to constant rotation. The "compressed" air flows into the outlet or into the filter.
  3. Filtration. Relevant for those units in which cleaning additions are installed. Filters filter out large mechanical particles, remove hazardous gases due to the difference in weight of air and gases of a different composition. Gases with any number of molecules in the structure can be screened out and moved.
  4. Air release. High pressure air is discharged into an area with a rarefied atmosphere. Due to the pressure difference, more "compressed" portions move towards rarefied spaces and are transported further along the ventilation system.

The principle of operation is very simple, it can be repeated even when creating your own installation. However, the efficiency of the unit does not decrease from the simplicity of the mechanism. In addition, the classification of devices is extensive, and some of them contain many additional functions.

Terms of use

Any large unit, including a centrifugal fan, has its own rules, the observance of which allows you to increase the service life and reduce the frequency with which repairs are carried out. Any requirement of the instruction must be followed.

For a centrifugal fan, the following rules apply:

  1. Too many mechanical particles must not enter the air duct, otherwise the filter will constantly clog. The maximum level of grains of sand is 1 g per cubic meter of air. With a larger volume, the filter element will have to be replaced earlier than its service life.
  2. The air must not contain sticky particles that can remain on the blades and gradually lead to their deceleration.
  3. A special device that reduces vibration must be installed. It not only increases the comfort level of people near the device, but also prevents loosening of the machine part.

If used correctly, the device can last up to several decades. It is enough to regularly carry out preventive inspection and carry out an additional package of work: clean the filter, clean the air ducts.

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