How To Make A Caisson For A Well With Your Own Hands: Device Options And How To Implement Them

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How To Make A Caisson For A Well With Your Own Hands: Device Options And How To Implement Them
How To Make A Caisson For A Well With Your Own Hands: Device Options And How To Implement Them

Video: How To Make A Caisson For A Well With Your Own Hands: Device Options And How To Implement Them

Video: How To Make A Caisson For A Well With Your Own Hands: Device Options And How To Implement Them
Video: How to install a Submersible Pump 2024, March
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To provide country houses with water, their owners usually drill in well sections. The depth and diameter of the latter may vary. But in order for the well to function smoothly for many years, a caisson is required around it.

Diy well caisson arrangement
Diy well caisson arrangement

Caissons are special containers designed to protect wells from adverse environmental factors and install water supply equipment. The owner of a country house, if desired, can make such a sealed device around the casing on his own.

Caisson options

Before proceeding with the installation of such a device with your own hands, the owner of a residential house or summer house should, of course, decide on its appearance. Caissons can be installed above the well heads of country houses, differing in:

  • form;
  • the material used for the manufacture;
  • sizes.

In shape, caissons are most often cylindrical or cubic. The advantage of the tanks of the first type is that they are able to resist the pressure of the surrounding soil very well. The pluses of cubic caissons, first of all, include the ease of their installation.

According to the material of manufacture, such downhole devices are classified into:

  • metal;
  • plastic;
  • reinforced concrete.

The main advantages of plastic caissons are ease of installation and corrosion resistance. Metal containers of this type are valued primarily for their high degree of strength. The advantages of reinforced concrete caissons, according to most owners of country houses, are durability, cheapness and relative ease of installation.

What dimensions can be

Having decided on the shape and material of the caisson, you should also think about what dimensions it will have. When choosing the dimensions of such a capacity, it is best to be guided by existing industrial standards and regulations.

Metal caissons, for example, usually have the following dimensions:

  • 2000: 1200: 1200 mm with a steel thickness of 3-10 mm;
  • diameter 1000 mm with a height of 2 m and a wall thickness of 3-8 mm;
  • 4000: 1500: 2400 mm with a wall thickness of 3-10 mm.

The diameter of the working chamber of plastic containers is usually 955 or 1270 mm. Concrete caissons are usually buried 2 meters into the ground and made with a size of 1000: 1000 mm.

Work order

Well caissons are installed in several stages:

  1. A pit is dug around the head of the well. Its depth should be 40 cm more than the height of the future caisson.
  2. A trench is being dug for the water supply.
  3. A geological survey of the bottom of the pit is being carried out. If there is a possibility that in the spring groundwater will rise above its level, waterproofing work is carried out.
  4. At the bottom of the pit, sand is poured in a layer of about 10-15 cm.
  5. On top of the sand, a reinforcing mesh is installed on blocks 3-4 cm thick.
  6. The bottom is poured with cement mortar. The thickness of the concrete layer at the bottom of the pit should be at least 5-8 cm.

After the pit is completely ready, the casing is cut so that its remainder rises above the concrete bottom by about 30 cm.

Installation of a steel caisson

Do-it-yourself devices of this variety are usually made from sheet steel 4-6 mm thick. A metal protective container for the well is made as follows:

  • a cube is welded from steel;
  • attach the bottom to it with a sleeve welded into it, the diameter of which should slightly exceed the diameter of the casing;
  • a neck with a hatch is welded;
  • the ventilation nipple is welded;
  • on the side walls, nipples are fitted for the cable and pipe.

In the next step, the caisson is installed in the pit. Further, the procedure should be as follows:

  • the caisson is welded to the cut casing;
  • the container is backfilled with sand or soil.

In order to extend the service life of the caisson, it is advisable to waterproof it with two layers of bitumen mastic on the outside before installing it in the pit. If you want to insulate a metal container, you need to additionally weld special hooks under the mineral wool slabs to it in advance.

How to make a reinforced concrete caisson

A wooden formwork is used to fill this type of protective container. The installation of reinforced concrete caissons is carried out as follows:

  • with the help of spacers, formwork is installed at a distance of about 10-20 cm from the walls of the pit;
  • reinforcement mesh is mounted between the walls of the pit and the formwork;
  • the concrete mix is being laid.

It is possible to remove the formwork from the caisson poured in this way after about a day. Of course, in one of the walls of the concrete tank, fittings should be installed under the water pipe and cable. At the final stage, on top of the finished device, you need to install a plastic or metal-welded insulated lid on the hinges.

Reinforced concrete ring caisson

The capacity of this variety will also perfectly protect the well and, moreover, will last a very long time. However, since reinforced concrete rings weigh a lot, special equipment will have to be hired to install them in the pit. In this case, the well owner, when installing the caisson, will need to do the following:

  • cut off the fastening loops from the first ring after its installation in the pit using a grinder;
  • on the upper edge of the ring, lay a concrete mixture 1.5 cm thick;
  • after installing the second ring and cover, seal the gap between them with construction foam.

Self-assembly of a plastic caisson

The capacity of this variety is unlikely to be made with your own hands. Plastic caissons are usually simply purchased from suppliers ready-made. In this case, the installation will consist only in the actual installation of the container in the excavated pit with the bottom poured in concrete. To prepare the caisson for operation, you will also need:

  • cut a hole in its bottom for the casing;
  • install in the hole and seal the sleeve.

Install a plastic container in a dug well in such a way that its neck protrudes slightly above the ground surface. If this condition is not met, melt water will surely be poured into the caisson in the spring.

Useful advice

It is advisable to dig a pit for a caisson of any type not symmetrically, but with a slight shift to one side. Such a caisson device will subsequently make it possible to more ergonomically position the downhole equipment in it.

How to stretch the water supply

A trench under the pipe to the caisson is dug below the freezing level of the soil. The line is laid not directly on its bottom, but on a previously poured sand cushion 10 cm thick. For greater reliability, it is advisable to additionally insulate the external water pipe using mineral or glass wool.

The downhole equipment cable can be run straight through the same trench. In this case, an insulated water pipe is preliminarily laid in the latter. Then the line is sprinkled with earth with a layer of about 20 cm with a rammer. Further along the trench, a HDPE pipe is laid with a cable stretched inside it. At the final stage, everything is filled with soil to the top.

Installation of equipment

After the caisson is installed, and the water supply and cable are laid, you can start installing the pump. This downhole unit is lowered into the shaft on a cable. At the same time, a water supply pipe and cable are previously connected to it in accordance with the instructions from the manufacturer. The cable itself to the pumps is usually attached through special lugs.

It is necessary to stop the submersion of the unit into the mine immediately after it reaches a depth of 1 m above its bottom. After installing the pump, the upper part of the well should be closed with a cap.

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